Ethics and Policies

Financial Research Review (FRR) is committed to upholding the highest standards of academic integrity, transparency, and ethical publishing. The journal follows internationally recognized best practices and adheres to the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). These policies apply to all authors, reviewers, editors, and the publisher.

1. Publication Ethics and Integrity

FRR ensures that all published research is:

  • Original, methodologically rigorous, and evidence-based

  • Conducted ethically and transparently reported

  • Free from plagiarism, data manipulation, or undisclosed conflicts of interest

Any form of unethical behavior will be addressed according to COPE guidelines.

2. Authorship and Contributorship

2.1 Authorship Criteria

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial contributions to:

  • Conceptualization, design, or theoretical framework of the study

  • Data collection, analysis, or interpretation

  • Drafting or critically revising the manuscript

  • Approving the final version for publication

All authors must consent to the submission and publication of the manuscript.

2.2 Unacceptable Practices

FRR does not permit:

  • Ghost authorship

  • Gift or honorary authorship

  • Changes to authorship after submission without written consent from all authors and justification

3. Plagiarism and Originality

All submissions must be original and not under review elsewhere. FRR may use plagiarism detection tools. Plagiarism includes:

  • Verbatim copying without proper citation

  • Self-plagiarism or redundant publication

  • Inadequate paraphrasing

Manuscripts violating originality standards will be rejected or retracted.

4. Data Integrity and Research Transparency

Authors are expected to:

  • Report data, methods, and findings accurately

  • Avoid fabrication, falsification, or selective reporting

  • Retain research data for verification if required

  • Provide data availability statements where applicable and ensure reproducibility

5. Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Use of AI tools (e.g., for language editing, analysis, or modeling) must be clearly disclosed. AI tools:

  • May assist but cannot replace scholarly judgment

  • Cannot be listed as authors

  • Must not generate fabricated data, citations, or results

Failure to disclose AI use may result in rejection.

6. Ethical Approval and Human Subjects

Research involving human participants, organizations, or corporate financial data must:

  • Comply with institutional and national ethical standards

  • Obtain prior ethical approval where required

  • Ensure informed consent, confidentiality, and anonymity

Authors must clearly state ethical approval details or justify exemptions.

7. Conflict of Interest Policy

All authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose any financial or non-financial conflicts of interest, including:

  • Funding sources or sponsorship

  • Employment, consultancy, or advisory roles

  • Personal or professional relationships affecting impartiality

Declared conflicts will be evaluated to ensure transparency.

8. Peer Review Policy

FRR operates a double-blind peer review system.

Review Process:

  • Manuscripts are reviewed by at least two independent experts in finance, financial economics, or financial policy

  • Reviewers are selected based on expertise and objectivity

  • Reviewer reports are confidential

Reviewer Responsibilities:

  • Provide objective, constructive, and timely feedback

  • Maintain confidentiality

  • Declare conflicts of interest

  • Report ethical concerns to the editor

9. Editorial Responsibilities

Editors are responsible for:

  • Making impartial, independent decisions

  • Ensuring submission confidentiality

  • Managing conflicts of interest

  • Upholding academic and ethical standards

Editorial decisions are based solely on academic merit, originality, and relevance.

10. Open Access Policy

FRR is a fully open-access journal:

  • All content is freely available upon publication

  • No subscription or access fees are charged

  • Currently, publication is free; No fees/APC will be charged for articles, and no surcharges will apply for the length of an article, for illustrations and figures (including color figures), and for supplementary data unless noted otherwise.  

11. Copyright and Licensing Policy

  • Authors retain copyright of their work

  • Articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence

  • Readers may share and adapt the work with proper attribution

12. Retractions, Corrections, and Expressions of Concern

FRR will issue:

  • Corrections for minor errors

  • Retractions for serious ethical breaches

  • Expressions of Concern during ongoing investigations

All actions follow COPE guidelines and are transparently documented.

13. Complaints and Appeals

  • Authors may appeal editorial decisions by submitting a reasoned request to the Editor-in-Chief

  • Complaints regarding ethical issues, editorial conduct, or peer review are handled confidentially and impartially

14. Archiving and Preservation Policy

To ensure long-term accessibility:

  • All published content is archived digitally

  • Articles remain accessible even if publication ceases

  • DOI registration ensures permanent, stable linking

15. Advertising and Sponsorship Policy

  • FRR does not accept advertising that compromises editorial independence

  • Sponsorships, if any, are transparently disclosed and do not influence editorial decisions

16. Compliance with International Standards

FRR aligns with:

  • Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)

  • DOAJ Principles of Transparency

  • Best practices in scholarly publishing